The PQ Initiative utilizes the R01 and R21 mechanisms to fund new research projects designed to use sound and innovative strategies to solve specific problems and paradoxes in cancer research identified by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) as the NCI’s Provocative Questions (PQs). Additionally, the PQ Initiative includes revision applications to add a PQ component to an active NCI R01, U01, P50, or P01 award. PQ RFAs solicit applications under these funding mechanisms for two rounds of review each year.